Explore ways to extract data from tmux panes manually and automatically.
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Baeldung Author
Hiks Gerganov
Driven by self-improvement and self-sufficiency. Self-motivated and self-disciplined. Dependable. Minimalist perfectionist. Problem solver. Can work on and improve anything related to IT.
Here's what I've written (so far):
Baeldung on Linux
- All
- Administration (89)
- Scripting (42)
- Processes (40)
- Networking (35)
- Security (26)
- Installation (26)
- Filesystems (26)
- Files (17)
- File Editing (14)
- File Permissions (8)
- Web (6)
- File Viewing (6)
- File Compression (4)
- File Searching (2)
- File Conversion (1)
- Building (1)
tmux Copy and Paste Methods With and Without the Mouse
Filed under Processes
Learn about tmux and ways to copy and paste session contents with the keyboard and mouse.
The Samba Protocol and Secure Mounting With Credentials
Filed under Administration, Networking
Explore Samba implementation of the SMB protocol along with many options to mount Samba shares.
Apache HTTP Server Modules and the Apache Extension Tool
Filed under Administration, Installation
Learn about the Apache HTTP Server modules and the standard tool to compile and install them.
YAML and JSON Tools and Interoperability
Filed under Scripting
Explore YAML and JSON and ways to process and convert between the two when processing data.
/etc/fstab and Mount Options Like nosuid and nodev
Filed under Administration, Filesystems
Explore the /etc/fstab file and most filesystem-agnostic options it supports.
Plymouth Theme Customization
Filed under Administration
Learn how to customize Plymouth themes to set the splash screen upon boot and shutdown.
Install Plymouth and Use Themes
Filed under Administration, Installation
Explore the Plymouth splash screen customization package and its theming options.
Temporary Failure Resolving and Package Manager Name Resolution Issues
Filed under Administration, Networking
Explore ways to identify, solve, or work around problems related to resolving names when it comes to package managers.
Name Resolution Errors
Filed under Networking
Learn about name resolution, errors we might encounter while performing it, and their potential causes.
Secure Boot and Booting to Firmware Settings in Linux
Filed under Administration, Security
Explore Secure Boot and ways to boot into the UEFI firmware settings to disable it.
How to Do a Complete Clean Reinstall of MySQL on Linux
Filed under Installation
Learn how to do a complete clean reinstall of MySQL on two major Linux distributions: Debian and Red Hat.
The Linux Kernel and Source Code Headers
Filed under Administration
Explore the Linux kernel, source code, and header files.
rfkill Subsystem and the rfkill: input handler disabled System Log Message
Filed under Administration
Explore the RF Kill Switch kernel subsystem and its userspace interface.
Raw Storage Medium Dump File Structure and Partition Extraction
Filed under Administration, Filesystems
Learn about raw storage dumps, their structure, and ways to handle them via loop devices and direct reads.
Prevent Directory Stack Display and Extend pushd and popd
Filed under Filesystems
Explore the pushd and popd commands and how to suppress their output and extend their functionalities.
NGINX Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) Headers
Filed under Networking, Security
Explore the NGINX header configuration related to the Same Origin Policy (SOP).
Specify Library Path During GDB Core Dump Analysis
Filed under Administration, Processes
Learn how to prepare and specify the library path when performing GDB core dump analysis.
Fix chsh Password Prompt and PAM: Authentication failure
Filed under Security
Learn about shell changes and restrictions imposed by the PAM system on chsh.
SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) and Storage Space Checks on SFTP Server
Filed under Filesystems, Networking
Learn about the SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), how it works with regard to SSH, and ways to extend it.
Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (ABRT) and How to Clean /var/spool/abrt
Filed under Administration, Processes
Learn about the Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (ABRT).
Fish Shell and How to Handle $PATH Universally
Filed under Scripting
Explore the Fish shell, its characteristics, and how it differs from many major shells.
How to Install VMWare Tools in a Linux Guest
Filed under Installation
Learn how to install VMWare Tools on a Linux guest.
Dependency Resolution and Offline Python Package Installation in Linux
Filed under Installation
Learn about offline Python package installation.
pam_exec.so to Run Scripts or Send Email Alert Upon a Successful SSH Login
Filed under Security
Explore a robust way to execute scripts and send notifications at each SSH login.
How to Convert Data Like Keys Between the PEM and DER Formats
Filed under Security
Explore PEM and DER and how to convert between the two formats.
Change GSettings With gsettings or dconf in a Remote Shell
Filed under Administration
Learn how to use the gsettings application and dconf tool in a remote session.
How to List or Migrate All Configured APT Repositories
Filed under Administration, Installation
Explore ways to list and migrate APT repositories.
Installing Oracle Database Express Edition (eXpress Edition) on Debian-Based Systems
Filed under Administration, Installation
Explore the steps for installing Oracle Database Express Edition on a Debian-based system.
How to Make the Boot Output Verbose
Filed under Administration
Learn about showing and increasing the verbosity of the boot log.
Graphics Hardware Acceleration and How to Check and Toggle It Under Linux
Filed under Administration
Explore the hardware acceleration provided by graphics hardware and how to can check or control it.
Segmentation Faults and Fixing the Segmentation fault (core dumped) Error
Filed under Processes
Learn about segmentation faults and what to do when they happen.
How to Extract a URL From HTML Data
Learn how to extract a URL from an HTML file.
APT Proxy Settings and Fixing 407 Proxy Authentication Required
Filed under Networking, Security
Learn about proxy authentication for APT.
Bootloader Installation and Troubleshooting GRUB Installation Failed on /dev/sda
Filed under Installation
Explore storage medium detection and the bootloader installation during the setup of some Linux distributions.
Raw Image (IMG) Dump Files and Mounting and Resizing Partitions
Filed under Administration, Filesystems
Explore raw image dump files and how to work with them, creating, viewing, mounting, and resizing as desired.
What Is Hardware Enablement (HWE)?
Filed under Administration, Installation
Learn about the hardware enablement feature of Ubuntu and Debian-based systems.
Repository Types and How to Use an ISO File as a CD-ROM Repository
Filed under Administration, Installation
Learn about APT repository types and ways to use an ISO file for package repository data.
Shells and Shell Counting With Command Execution in Each
Filed under Scripting
Learn about shells, how to see which ones are available, count the running ones, and execute commands within each.
Mount FTP as a Local Filesystem Drive
Filed under Filesystems, Installation
Learn about mounting an FTP server path as a local filesystem drive.
Memory Cards and How to Mount an SD Card in Linux
Filed under Filesystems, Installation
Learn about memory cards and several ways to manipulate them.
Conversion Between .cer and .crt
Filed under Administration, Security
Explore certificate formats and the .cer and .crt certificate suffixes.
Network Time Protocols and Resolving no server suitable for synchronization found From ntpdate
Filed under Administration, Networking
Explore NTP, SNTP, and NTPsec, as well as some common errors we might experience with such protocols.
Managing NVIDIA Drivers and How to Disable and Enable a GPU
Filed under Administration, Installation
Learn about the management of an NVIDIA graphics adapter.
Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) and the Linux Graphics Subsystem
Filed under Administration
Learn about graphics settings at the kernel level by using a specific driver as an example.
Linux Display Managers (LightDM, SLiM, XDM, GDM, SDDM, KDM, Ly): Install and Uninstall Guide
Filed under Administration, Installation
Learn about display managers, their role, and several specific examples along with their installation, configuration, and uninstallation procedures.
Screensavers From and Within the Linux Terminal CLI
Filed under Installation, Processes
Learn about screensaver control and play in the Linux terminal.
Where and How Are the User $HOME Environment Variable and Tilde Set?
Filed under Administration
Learn about the user home directory and the $HOME environment variable.
Linux mailutils Mail System With mail and “You have new mail”
Filed under Administration, Web
Learn about the mail system of Linux.
Add Default Routes and Gateways to IPv6 Routing Table
Filed under Networking
Learn about default IPv6 routes and gateways.
Unterminated Output and How to Hide the Unterminated Line Symbol in Zsh
Filed under Scripting
Learn about the handling of unterminated lines in the Zsh shell.
How to Fix sudo: unable to resolve host Error
Filed under Administration, Networking
Learn about sudo name resolution and ways it can fail.
Permission Searching With find and Locating SUID or SGID Files
Filed under File Permissions, File Searching
Learn about special permissions, as well as ways to use the POSIX standard find command to search for files based on different permissions-related criteria.
Text and Code Folding in Vi
Filed under File Editing
Explore text and code folding and the ways it works within the Vi editor.
Storage Block Sizes and the blockdev Command
Filed under Administration, Filesystems
Explore block sizes in Linux and how to manipulate them.
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) or Sound Servers to Mute and Unmute
Filed under Administration
Explore the audio setup in Linux and how to cut off sound completely.
How Is whoami Different From who?
Filed under Administration, Processes
Learn about the similarly-named who and whoami commands.
ARP Table and Clearing the ARP Cache
Filed under Networking
Learn about the ARP cache and ways to drop entries from it.
Mount Permissions and Remounting a Filesystem as Writable
Filed under Administration, Filesystems
Learn about mounting, parallel mounts, and remounts in terms of the permissions the attached location has.
The test Command and When to Use -eq, =, and ==
Filed under Scripting
Learn about data types and the test or [] builtin of Bash.
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) Installation and Listing Available Printers
Filed under Administration
Explore the practical basics of the CUPS system.
How to Find and Change the UUID of the Swap Partition
Filed under Filesystems
Explore ways to check the UUID of the swap partition.
Searching and Matching Base64 Strings via grep and Perl Regular Expressions
Filed under Security
Learn about Base64 and methods to find Base64 strings via different means.
Difference Between PGP and GPG
Filed under Security
Explore OpenPGP and GnuPG, their common ground and differences.
Kernel Errors and RTNETLINK answers Like No such process When Working With Routes
Filed under Networking
Explore routing checks and changes, as well as errors that might result from them.
Directory and Filesystem Limits in Linux
Filed under Filesystems
Explore different major filesystems, their constraints, and the maximum directory size of each.
How to Test /etc/hosts Host File Entries
Filed under Administration
Explore ways to test the configuration of /etc/hosts as the default hosts file of most Linux distributions.
How to Convert Files and Strings to Lowercase or Uppercase
Filed under File Editing, Scripting
Explore ways to change the text case of strings and files.
Extract Name and Extension of a File
Filed under Files
Explore ways to extract the extension from a filename.
Storage UUID and How to Change the UUID of a Partition or Disk
Filed under Administration
Explore the definition and function of a storage UUID and how to change it for a given partition.
Does the wheel Group Still Matter?
Filed under Administration
Learn about the wheel group, its function, and name origin.
Why Are quiet and splash Part of the Boot Options in GRUB?
Filed under Administration, Filesystems
Explore two kernel parameters that are often part of default installations and affect the boot process cosmetically.
How to Encode URL With curl
Filed under Web
Explore one of the most common URL encoding methods as well as an option curl provides for automating that.
Polkit and the polkitd “Unregistered Authentication Agent” Message
Filed under Administration, Security
Look at the Polkit mechanism to regulate, authenticate, and authorize user access.
How to Disable the Internal Keyboard of a Laptop on Linux
Filed under Administration
Explore ways to disable and enable devices on a Linux system with a main focus on the internal keyboard of a laptop.
Truncate or Delete File in Use
Filed under File Editing, File Permissions
Explore the concept of truncation and learn how it differs from deletion.
Convert Timespan in Seconds to Formatted Time in the Shell
Filed under Scripting
Explore how to represent second timespans in common time formats.
Disable and Enable Memory Address Randomization in Linux
Filed under Processes
Explore memory randomization in Linux with the ASLR feature.
Restore Default Debian and Ubuntu Repositories
Filed under Administration, Installation
Explore the repositories of Debian and the Debian-based Ubuntu. Learn how to restore the default repository list.
Environment Constraints and Maximum Variable Size
Learn about context size constraints and environment variable constraints in particular.
Split and Recombine PDF Files and Pages in Linux
Filed under File Compression, File Editing
Learn about splitting and recombining PDF files and pages with different tools.
Send Mail With curl
Explore the requirements and methods for sending e-mails via curl.
Installing OpenSSL and Resolving Configuration Issues
Filed under Networking
Learn about OpenSSL deployment and dependency problems and how to remedy them.
Disable IPv6 Autoconfiguration
Filed under Networking
Learn how to disable the automatic configuration of IPv6.
What Are the GNU libtool .la Files?
Filed under Building, Installation
Learn about the libtool and its .la files.
Print Path or Directory Permissions Recursively
Filed under File Permissions
Explore ways to get the permissions of filesystem objects under or along a given path.
Kernel IP Forwarding
Filed under Networking
Learn about IP forwarding within the Linux kernel.
How to Use Shell Variables as a Pattern in AWK
Filed under Scripting
Learn about using shell variables within and as AWK patterns.
Welcome Banners and Messages
Filed under Administration
Explore welcome banners and messages, as well as how to configure and use them.
uptime Internals and System Uptime Epoch
Filed under Administration, Processes
Explore the source of the uptime command time baseline, as well as the general Linux boot time start.
Kernel Module Loading at Boot and modprobe Automation
Filed under Administration, Installation
Explore ways to load kernel modules on boot and automate modprobe.
Security Policies and ImageMagick Conversion Problems
Filed under Security
Explore security policies and how their implementation in ImageMagick works.
Basic Vi Navigation and Scroll
Filed under File Editing, File Viewing
Learn about positioning the cursor and view in the Vi editor.
Insert Newline in Shell Command
Filed under Scripting
Explore ways to insert a newline in a shell command.
Zero NULL Character and Typing or Inserting NULL in the Terminal
Filed under Scripting
Learn about the special place of zero and NULL in Linux and computing, as well as ways to display, output, and type the NULL character.
How to Kill or Restart a tmux Pane
Filed under Processes
Learn about killing and restarting a tmux pane.
How to Assign the Output of a Command Like tee to a Variable
Learn about tee and ways to assign command output to a variable.
Python Buffering and tee
Learn about the tee command, buffers, and pipes and how those concepts relate to the use of output from Python.
Swappiness in Linux
Filed under Administration
Explore one of the main swap settings – swappiness.
Meta Keys and Key Processing Priority in the Shell and Terminal
Filed under Scripting
Explore keyboards, pressing a key, the modifier keys and combinations, as well as how we detect, interpret, and output the latter at different levels.
The Backslash and Removing Backslashes From a Text File or String
Filed under Scripting
Learn about the backslash character and how to remove it from a file or string.
How to Safely Reinstall Original YUM and Dandified DNF YUM
Filed under Installation
Explore the original and DNF YUM versions, as well as how to install, uninstall, and debug them.
How to Extract Filename From a Path via AWK
Filed under Files
Explore ways to extract the filename from a path via AWK.
The Ease of Manual UNIX Timestamp Arithmetic in the Shell
Filed under Scripting
Learn about the UNIX epoch timestamp, how to do arithmetic with the format, and how to use it to your advantage.
Set Up and Disable SELinux
Filed under Security
Learn about setting up and disabling SELinux.
What Is a umask and How to Set It System-Wide?
Filed under File Permissions
Explore the concept of a umask and how to configure its global value.
Disable IPv6 in NGINX
Filed under Networking
Explore several methods of limiting and preventing the use of IPv6 in NGINX.
The du Command and Printing Total File Size by Extension
Filed under File Permissions, Installation
Learn about the du command and ways to get the total size of files with a given extension.
List All Available Certificate Authority (CA) SSL Certificates
Filed under Networking, Security
Explore how to list all SSL certificates in the default store of a Linux machine.
How to Print an RFC-3339 Format Date
Explore the RFC-3339 standard and ways to produce dates based on it.
Character Notations and Removing Whitespace While Keeping Line Endings
Filed under File Editing
Learn about removing whitespace while preserving newlines.
The Shell Prompt and How to Correct for Missing Newlines
Filed under Scripting
Explore the reasons for a distorted prompt position and how to work around them.
Differences Between BSD tar and GNU tar and star
Filed under Administration, File Compression
Explore several tar implementations along with their differences and similarities.
World-Writable Directories in Linux
Filed under Administration
Explore fully-open directories in Linux, their behavior, and how to identify them.
Uptime Wars and the htop Easter Egg Exclamation Point
Filed under Processes
Explore the system uptime and its relation to top and htop.
How to List All Executables From $PATH
Filed under Installation
Explore many ways to output the executables within the $PATH environment variable directories.
The requiretty Option of sudo
Filed under Administration
Learn about terminal allocation and the role of requiretty when using sudo.
modprobe and Fixing the “Operation not permitted” Error
Filed under Administration
Explore kernel permissions, the modprobe command, as well as the “Operation not permitted” error when trying to load a module.
Passing Binary Data to Applications Like curl Without Using a File
Filed under Filesystems
Explore ways to supply binary data directly to commands with the primary example of curl.
How to Access Microsoft Windows Administrative Share From Linux
Filed under Administration
Explore browsing Microsoft Windows administrative shares from Linux.
Huge Page Settings and Disabling Huge Pages in Linux
Filed under Administration
Explore the settings of standard and transparent huge pages, as well as how to check their status and disable them completely.
How to Exclude Filesystems When Using find
Filed under Filesystems
Explore ways to limit the filesystems find traverses.
sed Print to Standard Output When Editing In-place
Learn a sed-only way to delete the first line of a file while also printing it with a single command.
Change the Default /tmp Directory to a User-Defined Path
Filed under Filesystems
Explore ways to change the Linux temporary directory path.
Systemd Unit File Permissions
Filed under Administration, File Permissions
Explore unit files and their permissions.
How to Find Files with Non-Printable and Non-ASCII Characters in Their Names
Filed under File Searching
Explore ways to find path elements with names that contain special characters.
Fast Ways to Efficiently Make Multiple Files in Linux
Filed under Files
Explore different ways to generate many files.
Remove All Comments From a Bash Script in the Shell
Filed under Scripting
Explore ways to remove comments from a Bash script.
HTML Parsing for Extracting Text Between HTML Tags in the Shell
Filed under Scripting
Explore ways to extract the content between two HTML tags in the shell.
Network Processes and How to Identify a Process Which Has No PID
Filed under Processes
Learn about network processes and why they might seem to lack a PID.
Owner of a Mounted Partition
Filed under Administration, Filesystems
Learn how to change the owner of a mount point and location.
Universal Unique Identifiers and the Purpose of an UUID for a Network Interface Card
Filed under Networking
Learn about serial numbers, universal unique identifiers, and their role in network interfaces.
Setting ulimit Limits in systemd Units
Filed under Administration
Learn how to set limits within systemd units.
Zero Padding in the Shell
Filed under Scripting
Explore ways to add and remove zero padding in a standard POSIX environment.
NGINX Timeouts and How to Disable Them
Explore NGINX timeouts and their settings.
Check and Change Default Document Root in NGINX
Filed under Administration, Web
Explore ways to check and set NGINX’s default and current document root paths.
How to Send a Signal to a Process Without Killing or Stopping It
Filed under Processes
Explore ways to send a signal that doesn’t stop or terminate a process.
Inspecting TXT Records of a Domain in the Shell
Filed under Networking
Learn about domain TXT records with different tools, exploring some details of the process.
Store Paths and Change Directory With a Variable in the Shell
Filed under Scripting
Explore ways to use shell variables when changing to a new path.
Vi Initialization and Configuration Files
Filed under File Editing
Explore the initialization process of the Vi editor when it comes to settings and configuration files.
CMake and Setting CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX
Filed under Installation
Learn about CMake and make to understand how to change options like the installation destination path.
How to Split Only on a Newline in Shell
Filed under Scripting
Explore ways to split text only at newlines in the shell.
Getting and Changing ARP Settings and the Default ARP Cache Timeout
Filed under Networking
Explore the ARP protocol implementation in Linux and focus on its available settings.
Remove and Avoid Duplicate Entries in Bash History
Filed under Administration
Learn about the duplicates in the Bash history list, as well as how to deal with them.
How to Close a TTY?
Filed under Administration
Learn how to close a terminal on several levels.
Storing the Output of watch to a File
Learn about the output of watch and how to capture that in a file.
Toggle Between FTP Active and Passive Modes
Filed under Networking, Processes
Learn how to switch session modes with different FTP clients.
Absolute Paths and Removing Leading Slashes With tar
Filed under File Compression
Explore leading slashes and absolute paths, as well as their consequences when using tar.
Automate FTP Login and Scripting Using the Shell
Filed under Administration, Networking
Learn ways to log in to an FTP, FTPS, and SFTP server automatically.
Basic and Advanced Searching in Vi
Filed under File Viewing
Explore basic and advanced ways to search in Vi.
Is It Safe to Clear the /tmp Temporary Directory?
Filed under Administration, Files
Learn how to remove files from the /tmp directory safely.
Two Ways to Disable the Beep Sound in Linux
Filed under Administration
A quick and practical guide to disabling the beep sound in Linux.
Mirroring With wget and Avoiding Parent Directories
Filed under Filesystems
Learn how to handle directory creation while mirroring with wget.
Installing Packages on Debian and Using a URL
Filed under Installation
Learn how to install a Debian package directly from a URL.
The Difference Between sudo -i and sudo su –
Filed under Administration
Learn how three ways to elevate a session differ.
How to Remove the Passphrase From an Existing SSH Key
Filed under Security
Learn how to remove the password from SSH keys via two common SSH suites.
How to Change root Password via sudo Without su
Filed under Administration
Learn about modifying passwords and how to do that for the root user without first using su.
How to Use Shell Variables in an AWK Script
Filed under Scripting
Explore how to pass values of shell variables to AWK for internal use.
Symbolic and Hard Link Modification and Ownership Changes
Filed under Administration, File Permissions
Explore ways to work with links instead of their targets.
How to Use Multiple SSH Private Keys in Linux
Filed under Security
Explore ways to organize the use of multiple private keys with SSH.
Absolute and Relative Symlinks and Moving a Relative Symbolic Link
Filed under File Viewing
Learn a standard way to relocate relative symbolic links without severing the connection with their target.
Getting a Unique Machine Identifier
Filed under Administration
Explore methods to extract an identity from a Linux system.
Convert Text to PDF From the Command Line
Filed under File Conversion
Explore ways to convert simple text files to PDF from the command line.
Cleartext Passwords in the Shell and How to Handle Special Characters
Filed under Administration, Scripting
Learn about passwords with special characters and ways to handle them.
System Calls and Library Calls in Linux
Filed under Administration, Processes
Explore system calls, library calls, and how they differ.
How to Compare Local and Remote Directories
Filed under Networking, Processes
Learn how to perform a comparison between a local and a remote directory.
Parsing, Validating, and Printing JSON in Shell Scripts
Filed under Scripting
Explore many ways to handle JSON in the shell.
Line Endings and Resolving the configure: /bin/sh: bad interpreter Error
Explore newlines, how they can affect file processing, and what we can do about it.
Kill a defunct Zombie Process with Parent init PID 1
Filed under Processes
Learn about our options when an initialization process is the parent of a zombie.
How to Check Whether Terminal Can Print Colors
Filed under Administration
Learn if terminal supports colors and ways to detect it.
Character Navigation or How to Jump to a Specific Character in Vi
Filed under File Viewing
Learn about character positioning and how to employ it when moving the cursor.
PDF Tools and How to View and Edit the Code of a PDF File in Linux
Filed under Files
Explore the PDF file format, how to view its contents, as well as tools that can handle and manipulate it under Linux.
Idling and Dummy Executable Files That Do Nothing in Linux
Learn about built-ins, commands, binaries, and other executables that do nothing.
Locales and How to Find Character Encoding of Linux Terminal
Filed under Administration
Learn about locales, how they are used in Linux, and checking the encoding in different environments.
Extend The Session Time for sudo
Filed under Administration
Explore sudo sessions, why we need them, and how to control their lengths.
List Upgradable Packages in Linux
Filed under Installation
Explore ways to check which packages on a given system currently have upgrades.
SSH Key Format Issues and Fixing the “invalid format” Error
Filed under Security
Explore common causes for malformed SSH keys, as well as their consequences.
When kill -9 or kill -SIGKILL Does Not Work
Filed under Processes
Learn why attempting to kill a process might not always succeed and what we can do about it.
How to Manage and Keep Environment Variables When Using sudo
Filed under Administration
Explore ways to work with and preserve the environment of a sudo session.
Force Edit and Save of Opened File Without Permissions in Vi
Filed under File Editing, File Permissions
Explore different ways to preserve our changes and save a file opened without write permissions in Vi.
Changing Indentation Size in Vi
Filed under File Editing
Explore different ways to indent in the Vi editor and how to set the indentation amount.
Are Hostnames Case Sensitive in Linux?
Filed under Networking
Explore types of system identifiers, numeric address to name resolution, and whether the latter is case-sensitive.
Generating Keys Without a Passphrase with OpenSSH, PuTTY, and OpenSSL
Explore how to generate passwordless SSH keys with three common tools.
How to Solve the “sudo: /usr/bin/sudo must be owned by uid 0 and have the setuid bit set” Error
Filed under Administration
Learn how to remedy global permission issues.
Search for Class Files in Multiple JAR Files in Linux
Filed under Filesystems, Installation
Explore one simple and one complex but precise way to search for class files within JAR files under a given directory.
/etc/shadow and Creating yescrypt, MD5, SHA-256, and SHA-512 Password Hashes
Filed under Administration, Security
Explore the /etc/shadow file and its options to set passwords.
Actual Use of the Linux arp Command
Filed under Networking
Explore the arp command along with its options.
Vi Automatic Commands and Reloading the Current File Contents
Filed under File Editing, File Viewing
Learn how to automate commands in Vi.
What Is the /dev/mem File?
Filed under Administration, Files
Look at address space files available in Linux.
Ways to Stop and Restart a Linux System or the Difference Between halt, poweroff, shutdown -H, and shutdown -P
Filed under Administration
Explore usual commands for stopping and restarting a Linux system, some of their history, and their current status quo.
Temporarily or Permanently Disable Every Job Listed in a Crontab
Filed under Administration, Processes
Explore ways to disable cron and anacron tasks, as well as how to reenable them at a later stage.
prlimit and Setting the Maximum File Limit for a Running Process
Filed under Processes
Explore ways to limit resource usage for a given process, with the main example of lowering the maximum number of open file handles.
Unzip Files Bigger Than 4GB
Filed under File Compression
Explore the limits of FAT32 regarding the size of files, how they affect archive extraction, and what we can do to avoid problems.
How to Backup Cron Files
Filed under Administration
Explore the anacron and cron tools, their configuration file structure, and a simple way to back them up.
Manual Network Configuration in Linux and How to Set a Static IP Address
Filed under Administration, Networking
Explore network configuration under many different Linux distributions, with the main goal of setting a static IP address.
Manually Add a User Without Tools Like useradd and adduser
Filed under Administration
Explore steps necessary to create a user manually without the help of useradd and adduser.
How to Allow Only SSH Access Using iptables
Filed under Administration, Networking, Security
Explore the iptables rules for leaving a machine open only to SSH traffic.
Using SSH Name Resolution to Associate Name with IP
Filed under Administration, Networking, Security
Explore ways to use name resolution with SSH.
Automate Commands Upon SSH Connection
Filed under Administration, Networking
Explore ways to execute remote commands when establishing an SSH session with the example of a simple directory change.
SSH Key Types and Formats or How to Convert PuTTY .ppk to OpenSSH Keys Under Linux
Filed under Administration, Security
Explore PuTTY and OpenSSH, their key types and formats, as well as how to convert between them.
SSH Key Comments and Adding a Comment to an Existing Key
Filed under Administration, Security
Learn how to work with public and private key comments via both the OpenSSH and PuTTY toolsets.
What Is the SSH known_hosts File and How to Temporarily Ignore It
Explore the known_hosts file structure and ways to ignore the known hosts from an SSH client.
Authentication Methods and Their Order in SSH
Filed under Networking, Security
Learn about the SSH authentication methods.
SSH Error “permissions are too open” for Private Key File
Filed under Security
Explore SSH key permissions, problems they may cause, and how to correct them.
Find Out Which Partition a File or Directory Is Located On
Filed under Filesystems
Explore ways to get the physical partition a file or directory is located on.
How to Configure SSH for Multiple Ports
Filed under Security
Learn how to start an SSH server on multiple ports.
Edit /etc/sudoers From a Script
Filed under Scripting
Explore sudo, its sudoers plugin, its configuration, and various ways to change it.
How Is /dev/vda Different From /dev/sda?
Filed under Filesystems
Explore the differences between /dev/sda and /dev/vda.
Check if IP Multicast Is Enabled
Filed under Administration, Networking
Explore many ways to check whether multicast is supported and enabled in a given system.
Mapping a Network Share as a Drive Using the Linux CLI
Filed under Networking
Learn about drive mapping and mounting.
How to Disable IPv6 Globally and on a Specific Interface
Filed under Administration, Networking
Explore the most common way to disable IPv6 on modern Linux distributions.
Portable Ways to Get File Size in Bytes
Filed under Files
Learn how to get the true size of a file.
Invalid Paths and How to cd Into a Directory Without Having Permission
Filed under Filesystems
Learn why we might not be able to change into a given directory in Linux.
Force a CIFS Connection to Unmount
Filed under Filesystems
Learn how to forcefully unmount an SMB connection when it’s not responding.
Execute Shell Commands and Silence Them in Vim
Filed under Scripting
Explore ways to run shell commands and suppress their output while preventing session takeover within the Vi editor.
Stripping Leading and Trailing Whitespaces From All Lines in a File in Vim
Filed under File Editing
Learn how to identify whitespaces in the Vi editor.
Displaying the Full Path of the Current File in Vim
Filed under File Viewing
Explore relative and absolute file paths, concentrating on ways to show the full path of the current file in the Vi editor.
ulimit and the Difference Between Soft Limit and Hard Limit
Filed under Filesystems
Learn about soft and hard limits in the context of resource usage restrictions.
Indenting and Turning Off Auto Indent When Pasting Text Into Vi
Filed under File Editing, Scripting
Explore indenting in Vi and ways to avoid problems with automatic indentation and formatting when pasting contents to the editor.
How to Kill a TTY in Linux
Filed under Processes
Learn what comprises a TTY, how it comes to life, and how we can dispose of one.
Kill a Process That Keeps Restarting
Filed under Processes
Explore different ways to kill constantly restarting processes.
Resetting a Broken TTY
Filed under Processes
Learn how to break a terminal and restore an already broken one.
What do PTY and TTY Mean?
Filed under Processes
Explore TTYs, PTYs, and the differences between them.
One Line if-else Condition in Linux Shell Scripting
Filed under Scripting
Explore single-line if-else statements in contrast to their regular multi-line forms.
Show Special Characters in Linux with less
Filed under File Editing
Learn how less could show special characters, as well as the notation it uses to do so.
Why Should Text Files End With a Newline in Linux?
Filed under Files
A quick and practical explanation why newlines are required when working with Linux files.
Overloaded Terminals or How To Kill a Runaway cat in Linux
Filed under Processes
Learn how to handle overburdened terminals with the primary example of a runaway cat command.
Terminal Shortcuts and How to Unfreeze the Terminal After Pressing Ctrl-S
Filed under Administration, Processes
Learn about terminal shortcuts in Linux.
Monitoring Linux File Access With auditd
Filed under Administration, Files
Explore the comprehensive auditd package in Linux.
Attach a Terminal to a Detached Process in Linux
Filed under Processes
Explore the general idea of attached and detached processes.
Linux Bash Equivalent to the Windows Batch Pause
Filed under Processes
Explore ways to get the behavior of the Windows Batch pause in Linux.
What Is rc and What Are rc Files?
Filed under Filesystems
Explore rc, its meaning, and how it could hint at the contents of a file or directory.
Check and Monitor Active GPU in Linux
Filed under Administration
Explore options to check and monitor the active video card of a Linux system.
Find Out When a Linux System Was Installed
Filed under Administration, Installation
Explore many ways of checking how old a Linux system is.
Efficiently Delete a Large Directory in Linux
Filed under Files
Discuss methods for efficiently deleting a directory in Linux.
Recover Lost and Deleted Data in Linux
Filed under Files, Filesystems
Explore many ways data can be lost, damaged, or deleted and discuss diagnosis, repair, and recovery in all cases.
inotify and Solving the “upper limit on inotify watches reached!” Error
Filed under Processes
Explore the inotify Linux subsystem, used by many applications.
Get External IP Address in a Shell Script
Filed under Networking
Explore how to check a machine’s external IP address via a Bash shell script.
Text Objects in Vim
Filed under File Editing
Learn about text objects and how to use them in the Vi editor.
Using grep on a Continuous Stream
Explore how grep can be used with continuous streams of data.
Linux inodes
Filed under Filesystems
Explore inodes and their major role in filesystems.
Getting Data Locally From a Remote SSH Session in Linux
Filed under Networking, Security
Explore different ways to get data back to the client after and during an SSH session to a server.
Get Bash Script Location From Within the Script
Filed under Scripting
Explore acquiring a Bash script’s location from within the script.
Escaping Characters in Bash
Filed under Scripting
Discuss character escaping in Bash.
Debugging Programs Using the GDB Command
Explore debugging with the GNU Project Debugger.
Setting Command Timeouts in Bash
Filed under Administration
In this tutorial, we’ll see into different ways of using timeouts in Bash.
Understanding and Ignoring Errors in Bash
Filed under Processes
An overview of errors in Bash.
Using 2D Arrays in Bash Under Linux
Filed under Scripting
Explore different Bash implementations for 2D arrays, along with their downsides.
Working With Large Files in Linux
Filed under Files
Learn some common problems and explore tools that help when partially processing huge files
Guide to Desktop Entry Files in Linux
Filed under Files
Learn about what Linux desktop entry files are, why they are useful, and how they function.
Baeldung on Ops
- All
- Git (21)
- Kubernetes (11)
- Docker (5)
- Jenkins (2)
- Scripting (1)
- Processes (1)
- DevOps (1)
- Deployment Tools (1)
Docker Container Initialization and Script Process Replacement With exec
Filed under Docker
Learn about Docker container initialization scripts and ways to optimize them via exec.
Docker Context and the Minikube docker-env Command
Filed under Docker
Explore ways to deploy Kubernetes with Minikube and how they relate to the Docker installation outside the deployment.
Kubernetes Node Storage Allocation
Filed under Kubernetes
Learn about Kubernetes node storage allocation and discovery.
Git References Hierarchy and Branches With Slashes
Filed under Git
Learn about Git branches and references and their hierarchy along with ways to expand it.
Git (Ref) Log Exploration and Branch Selection
Filed under Git
Learn ways to explore logs and commit data for one or more branches.
Git Merging: Conflict Resolution and Undoing a merge
Filed under Git
Explore the Git merge operation, how to resolve conflicts, and ways to revert merges.
Git Repository Structure and Fixing Issues Like cannot lock ref
Filed under Git
Explore the basic skeletal structure of a Git repository and ways we can tamper with it.
Kubernetes Pod and Container Restarting
Filed under Kubernetes
Learn about targeted and non-targeted pod and container restarting within a Kubernetes environment.
Git Repository Remotes Management
Filed under Git
Explore Git repository remotes, their role, and ways to list and manage them.
How to Configure the Core (Commit) and Sequence Git Editors
Filed under Git
Learn about selecting and configuring a Git editor.
Git Missing Refs Resulting in not something we can merge and did not match any file(s) known
Filed under Git
Learn about problems with branch, tag, and other ref names in Git.
Difference Between Git HEAD and Primary master or main Branch
Filed under Git
Learn about the Git concepts of HEAD and the primary branch.
Illegal Characters in Git References Like Branch and Tag Names
Filed under Git
Explore naming in Git and common errors associated with it.
How to List Installed Helm Chart Dependencies Recursively
Filed under Kubernetes
Learn about dependency checks via Helm.
Helm Chart Searching and Versioning
Filed under Kubernetes
Learn about Helm chart versions and how to find and handle them.
Helm Release Upgrades and Rollbacks
Filed under Kubernetes
Learn about Helm release upgrades and rollbacks.
Advanced Helm Chart Handling and Installation
Filed under Kubernetes
Explore some advanced options for Helm chart installation and handling.
Kubernetes Persistent Volume (PV) and Persistent Volume Claim (PVC)
Filed under Kubernetes
Explore persistent volumes, persistent volume claims, and ways to resize both.
Kubernetes Pods Storage and Volume Sharing
Filed under Kubernetes
Learn how to share storage between Kubernetes pods.
Methods to Unstage a File in Git
Filed under Git
Explore ways to unstage a file in Git and the consequences of doing so with some commands.
Understanding and Creating Git Hooks
Filed under Git
Learn about Git hooks and how to manage and create them.
Helm Repositories and How to Delete All Releases
Filed under Docker, Kubernetes
Learn about Helm repositories and releases, as well as ways to deploy and delete all Helm releases.
Stashing Selected Files and Changes in a Git Working Tree
Filed under Git
Explore different ways to stash selected files and changes in a Git repository.
Guide to Git Staging and the Stash
Filed under Git
Explore Git staging and stashing mechanics.
Understanding, Inspecting, and Working With the Commit Tree and Other Git Trees
Filed under Git
Explore ways to navigate the Git trees and go to common ancestors.
Git Objects and How to Add an Empty Directory to Git Repository
Filed under Git
Explore the concepts of Git objects with the main example of creating and maintaining an empty directory within a repository.
Git Tag Listing and Filtering With Git Output Formatting
Filed under Git
Learn about formatting Git output and filtering with the main example of tags.
Git Tag Synchronization and Deleting Local and Remote Tags
Filed under Git
Learn about tag synchronization and ways to delete remote and local tags.
Clone a Single Branch in Git
Filed under Git
Explore methods to get a single branch from a remote Git repository.
Git Commit Tree HEAD and Tag Checkouts
Filed under Git
Learn about Git HEAD detachment during commit ID, tags, and branch checkouts.
Deploying and Using KubeVirt
Filed under Deployment Tools, Kubernetes
Explore the KubeVirt addon to Kubernetes.
Git Tag Handling and Renaming
Filed under Git
Learn about Git commit tagging and how to modify tags.
Git Commits and Commit Identification and Tagging
Filed under Git
Learn about Git commits, as well as ways to identify, reference, and tag them.
Kubernetes Cluster Components
Filed under Kubernetes
Explore a basic Kubernetes cluster with each of its components.
Jenkins Deployment and Service Start Issues
Filed under Jenkins
Learn about the manual Jenkins installation and the common pitfalls that may prevent the service from starting.
Guide to dive and container-diff
Filed under Docker
Explore two major utilities for container image analysis and comparison.
Access Host Devices in Docker
Filed under Docker
Learn about exposing raw device types like USB to enable device sharing between a container and its host.
Jenkins Walkthrough and Scripting Filesystem Operations
Filed under Jenkins
Explore Jenkins with a basic scenario of file moving and copying.
Introduction to Concourse
Filed under DevOps
Explore Concourse, a pipeline management system.
How to Control and Ignore Whitespace Changes in Git Commands
Explore ways to ignore whitespaces when dealing with different versions of the same file in git.