1. Introduction
When we work with microservices or web services in general, it’s quite useful to know how our users interact with our services. This can be achieved by tracing all the requests that hit our services and collect this information to analyze it later.
There some systems available out there that can help us with this and can be easily integrated with Spring like Zipkin. However, Spring Boot Actuator has this functionality built-in and can be used through its httpTrace endpoint which traces all HTTP requests. In this tutorial, we’ll show how to use it and how to customize it to fit better our requirements.
2. HttpTrace Endpoint Setup
For the sake of this tutorial, we’ll use a Maven Spring Boot project.
The first thing we need to do is to add the Spring Boot Actuator dependency to our project:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
After that, we’ll have to enable the httpTrace endpoint in our application.
To do so, we just need to modify our application.properties file to include the httpTrace endpoint:
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=httptrace
In case we need more endpoints, we can just concatenate them separated by commas or we can include all of them by using the wildcard *.
Now, our httpTrace endpoint should appear in the actuator endpoints list of our application:
{
"_links": {
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator",
"templated": false
},
"httptrace": {
"href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/httptrace",
"templated": false
}
}
}
Notice that we can list all the enabled actuator endpoints by going to the /actuator endpoint of our web service.
3. Analyzing the Traces
Let’s analyze now the traces that the httpTrace actuator endpoint returns.
Let’s make some requests to our service, call the /actuator/httptrace endpoint and take one of the traces returned:
{
"traces": [
{
"timestamp": "2019-08-05T19:28:36.353Z",
"principal": null,
"session": null,
"request": {
"method": "GET",
"uri": "http://localhost:8080/echo?msg=test",
"headers": {
"accept-language": [
"en-GB,en-US;q=0.9,en;q=0.8"
],
"upgrade-insecure-requests": [
"1"
],
"host": [
"localhost:8080"
],
"connection": [
"keep-alive"
],
"accept-encoding": [
"gzip, deflate, br"
],
"accept": [
"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8"
],
"user-agent": [
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36 OPR/62.0.3331.66"
]
},
"remoteAddress": null
},
"response": {
"status": 200,
"headers": {
"Content-Length": [
"12"
],
"Date": [
"Mon, 05 Aug 2019 19:28:36 GMT"
],
"Content-Type": [
"text/html;charset=UTF-8"
]
}
},
"timeTaken": 82
}
]
}
As we can see, the response is divided into several nodes:
- timestamp: the time when the request was received
- principal: the authenticated user who did the request, if applicable
- session: any session associated with the request
- request: information about the request such as the method, full URI or headers
- response: information about the response such as the status or the headers
- timeTaken: the time taken to handle the request
We can adapt this response to our needs if we feel it’s too verbose. We can tell Spring what fields we want to be returned by specifying them in the management.trace.http.include property of our application.properties:
management.trace.http.include=RESPONSE_HEADERS
In this case, we specified that we only want the response headers. Hence, we can see that fields that were included before like the request headers or the time taken are not present in the response now:
{
"traces": [
{
"timestamp": "2019-08-05T20:23:01.397Z",
"principal": null,
"session": null,
"request": {
"method": "GET",
"uri": "http://localhost:8080/echo?msg=test",
"headers": {},
"remoteAddress": null
},
"response": {
"status": 200,
"headers": {
"Content-Length": [
"12"
],
"Date": [
"Mon, 05 Aug 2019 20:23:01 GMT"
],
"Content-Type": [
"text/html;charset=UTF-8"
]
}
},
"timeTaken": null
}
]
}
All the possible values that can be included can be found in the source code, as well as the default ones.
4. Customizing the HttpTraceRepository
By default, the httpTrace endpoint only returns the last 100 requests and it stores them in memory. The good news is that we can also customize this by creating our own HttpTraceRepository.
Let’s now create our repository. The HttpTraceRepository interface is very simple and we only need to implement two methods: findAll() to retrieve all the traces; and add() to add a trace to the repository.
For simplicity, our repository will also store the traces in memory and we’ll store only the last GET request that hits our service:
@Repository
public class CustomTraceRepository implements HttpExchangeRepository {
AtomicReference<HttpExchange> lastTrace = new AtomicReference<>();
@Override
public List<HttpTrace> findAll() {
return Collections.singletonList(lastTrace.get());
}
@Override
public void add(HttpExchange trace) {
if ("GET".equals(trace.getRequest().getMethod())) {
lastTrace.set(trace);
}
}
}
Even though this simple example may not look very useful, we can see how powerful this can get and how we could store our logs anywhere.
5. Filtering the Paths to Trace
The last thing we’re going to cover is how to filter the paths that we want to trace, so we can ignore some requests that we’re not interested in.
If we play with the httpTrace endpoint a little after making some requests to our service, we can see that we also get traces for the actuator requests:
{
"traces": [
{
"timestamp": "2019-07-28T13:56:36.998Z",
"principal": null,
"session": null,
"request": {
"method": "GET",
"uri": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/",
// ...
}
We may not find these traces useful for us and we’d prefer to exclude them. In that case, we just need to create our own HttpTraceFilter and specify what paths we want to ignore in the shouldNotFilter method:
@Component
public class TraceRequestFilter extends HttpExchangesFilter {
public TraceRequestFilter(HttpExchangeRepository repository) {
super(repository, Include.defaultIncludes());
}
@Override
protected boolean shouldNotFilter(HttpServletRequest request) throws ServletException {
return request.getServletPath().contains("actuator");
}
}
Notice that the HttpTraceFilter is just a regular Spring filter but with some tracing-specific functionality.
6. Conclusion
In this tutorial, we’ve introduced the httpTrace Spring Boot Actuator endpoint and shown its main features. We’ve also dug a bit deeper and explained how to change some default behaviors to fit better our specific needs.
As always, the full source code for the examples is available over on GitHub.
