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Modern software architecture is often broken. Slow delivery leads to missed opportunities, innovation is stalled due to architectural complexities, and engineering resources are exceedingly expensive.
Orkes is the leading workflow orchestration platform built to enable teams to transform the way they develop, connect, and deploy applications, microservices, AI agents, and more.
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Modern software architecture is often broken. Slow delivery leads to missed opportunities, innovation is stalled due to architectural complexities, and engineering resources are exceedingly expensive.
Orkes is the leading workflow orchestration platform built to enable teams to transform the way they develop, connect, and deploy applications, microservices, AI agents, and more.
With Orkes Conductor managed through Orkes Cloud, developers can focus on building mission critical applications without worrying about infrastructure maintenance to meet goals and, simply put, taking new products live faster and reducing total cost of ownership.
Try a 14-Day Free Trial of Orkes Conductor today.
Mocking is an essential part of unit testing, and the Mockito library makes it easy to write clean and intuitive unit tests for your Java code.
Get started with mocking and improve your application tests using our Mockito guide:
Spring 5 added support for reactive programming with the Spring WebFlux module, which has been improved upon ever since. Get started with the Reactor project basics and reactive programming in Spring Boot:
Since its introduction in Java 8, the Stream API has become a staple of Java development. The basic operations like iterating, filtering, mapping sequences of elements are deceptively simple to use.
But these can also be overused and fall into some common pitfalls.
To get a better understanding on how Streams work and how to combine them with other language features, check out our guide to Java Streams:
Explore Spring Boot 3 and Spring 6 in-depth through building a full REST API with the framework:
Yes, Spring Security can be complex, from the more advanced functionality within the Core to the deep OAuth support in the framework.
I built the security material as two full courses - Core and OAuth, to get practical with these more complex scenarios. We explore when and how to use each feature and code through it on the backing project.
You can explore the course here:
Modern software architecture is often broken. Slow delivery leads to missed opportunities, innovation is stalled due to architectural complexities, and engineering resources are exceedingly expensive.
Orkes is the leading workflow orchestration platform built to enable teams to transform the way they develop, connect, and deploy applications, microservices, AI agents, and more.
With Orkes Conductor managed through Orkes Cloud, developers can focus on building mission critical applications without worrying about infrastructure maintenance to meet goals and, simply put, taking new products live faster and reducing total cost of ownership.
Try a 14-Day Free Trial of Orkes Conductor today.
Spring Data JPA is a great way to handle the complexity of JPA with the powerful simplicity of Spring Boot.
Get started with Spring Data JPA through the guided reference course:
Refactor Java code safely — and automatically — with OpenRewrite.
Refactoring big codebases by hand is slow, risky, and easy to put off. That’s where OpenRewrite comes in. The open-source framework for large-scale, automated code transformations helps teams modernize safely and consistently.
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1. Overview
In this tutorial, we’ll explain why Maven might use a different version of Java than the default one set in the system. Additionally, we’ll show where Maven’s configuration files are located. Then, we’ll explain how to configure the Java version in Maven.
2. Maven Configuration
First, let’s have a look at a possible system configuration, where Maven uses a different version of Java than the default one set in the system. The Maven configuration returns:
$ mvn -v
Apache Maven 3.3.9 (bb52d8502b132ec0a5a3f4c09453c07478323dc5; 2015-11-10T17:41:47+01:00)
Maven home: C:\Users\test\apps\maven\3.3.9
Java version: 11.0.10, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: C:\my\java\jdk-11.0.10
Default locale: pl_PL, platform encoding: Cp1250
OS name: "windows 10", version: "10.0", arch: "amd64", family: "dos"
As we can see, it returns the Maven version, Java version, and OS information. The Maven tool uses JDK version 11.0.10.
Let’s now have a look at the Java version set in our system:
$ java -version
java version "13.0.2" 2020-01-14
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 13.0.2+8)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 13.0.2+8, mixed mode, sharing)
The default JDK is set to 13.0.2. In the following sections, we’ll explain why it doesn’t match the one used by Maven.
3. Setting Up JAVA_HOME Globally
Let’s have a look at the default setup. Above all, the JAVA_HOME variable is a mandatory Maven configuration. Moreover, when it’s not set up, the mvn command returns an error message:
$ mvn
Error: JAVA_HOME not found in your environment.
Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
location of your Java installation.On Linux, we set the system variable with the export command. Windows has dedicated system variable settings for that purpose. When it is set globally, Maven uses the default version of Java set in the system.
4. Maven Configuration Files
Let’s now have a quick look at where to find Maven configuration files. There are a few places where the configuration can be provided:
- .mavenrc/mavenrc_pre.cmd – user-defined script located in user’s home directory
- settings.xml – file located in ~/.m2 directory, which contains configuration across projects
- .mvn – directory with configuration located within the project
Additionally, we may use MAVEN_OPTS environment variable to set up JVM startup parameters.
5. Setting Up JAVA_HOME Only for Maven
We saw that the Java version differs from the one used by Maven. In other words, Maven overwrites the default configuration provided with the JAVA_HOME variable.
It can be set in a user-defined script executed at the beginning of the mvn command. In Windows, we set it in the %HOME%\mavenrc_pre.bat or %HOME%\mavenrc_pre.cmd file. Maven supports both ‘.bat’ and ‘.cmd’ files. In the file, we simply set the JAVA_HOME variable:
set JAVA_HOME="C:\my\java\jdk-11.0.10"On the other hand, Linux has the $HOME/.mavenrc file for the same purpose. Here, we set the variable almost the same way:
JAVA_HOME=C:/my/java/jdk-11.0.10Thanks to that setup, Maven uses JDK 11, even though the default one in the system is JDK 13.
We can skip the execution of the user-defined script with the MAVEN_SKIP_RC flag.
Additionally, we could set the variable directly in Maven’s executable file. However, such an approach is not recommended as it would not be applied automatically in case we upgrade Maven to a higher version.
6. Conclusion
In this short article, we explained how Maven might use a different Java version than the default one. Then, we showed where Maven’s configuration files are located. Finally, we explained how to set up the Java version for Maven.
