Mocking is an essential part of unit testing, and the Mockito library makes it easy to write clean and intuitive unit tests for your Java code.
Get started with mocking and improve your application tests using our Mockito guide:
Handling concurrency in an application can be a tricky process with many potential pitfalls. A solid grasp of the fundamentals will go a long way to help minimize these issues.
Get started with understanding multi-threaded applications with our Java Concurrency guide:
Spring 5 added support for reactive programming with the Spring WebFlux module, which has been improved upon ever since. Get started with the Reactor project basics and reactive programming in Spring Boot:
Since its introduction in Java 8, the Stream API has become a staple of Java development. The basic operations like iterating, filtering, mapping sequences of elements are deceptively simple to use.
But these can also be overused and fall into some common pitfalls.
To get a better understanding on how Streams work and how to combine them with other language features, check out our guide to Java Streams:
Explore Spring Boot 3 and Spring 6 in-depth through building a full REST API with the framework:
Yes, Spring Security can be complex, from the more advanced functionality within the Core to the deep OAuth support in the framework.
I built the security material as two full courses - Core and OAuth, to get practical with these more complex scenarios. We explore when and how to use each feature and code through it on the backing project.
You can explore the course here:
Spring Data JPA is a great way to handle the complexity of JPA with the powerful simplicity of Spring Boot.
Get started with Spring Data JPA through the guided reference course:
Refactor Java code safely — and automatically — with OpenRewrite.
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1. Overview
Often, we find it challenging to decide on a non-relational database as a primary data store for our applications.
In this article, we’ll explore two popular non-relational databases, Redis and MongoDB.
First, we’ll take a quick look at the features offered by Redis and MongoDB. Then, we’ll discuss when to use Redis or MongoDB by comparing them against each other.
2. Redis
Redis is an in-memory data structure store that offers a rich set of features. It’s useful as a cache, message broker, and queue.
2.1. Features
- A dedicated command-line interface – redis-cli
- Stores key-value pairs and support data structures like list, set, and hash
- Can store values of up to 512MB in size
- Allows to publish and subscribe messages using pub/sub message queues
- Geospatial support by providing special commands to manage real-time geospatial data
- Allows LUA scripts execution
- Offers various clients for popular technologies
- Supports IoT and embedded devices
- Spring Data support
- Spring Cache support using Java clients like Redisson
2.2. Installation
We can download the latest Redis server from the official website and install it:
$ wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-6.0.9.tar.gz
$ tar xzf redis-6.0.9.tar.gz
$ cd redis-6.0.9
$ make
3. MongoDB
MongoDB is a NoSQL document database that stores information in a JSON-like document structure. It’s useful as a schemaless data store for rapidly changing applications, prototyping, and startups in a design and implementation phase.
3.1. Features
- Offers an interactive command-line interface MongoDB Shell (mongosh) to perform administrative operations and query/update data
- JSON based query structure with the support of joins
- Supports various types of searches like geo-based search, graph search, and text search
- Supports multi-document ACID transactions
- Spring Data support
- Available in community, enterprise, and cloud (MongoDB Atlas) editions
- Various drivers for major technologies like C++, Java, Go, Python, Rust, and Scala
- Provides GUI to explore and manipulate data through MongoDB Compass
- Offers a visual representation of data using MongoDB Charts
- MongoDB BI Connector provides connections to BI and analytics platforms
3.2. Installation
We can download the latest MongoDB server or, if using macOS, we can install the community edition directly using Homebrew:
brew tap mongodb/brew
brew install [email protected]4. When to Use Redis?
4.1. Caching
Redis provides best-in-class caching performance by providing sub-millisecond response time on frequently requested items.
Furthermore, it allows setting expiration time on keys using commands like EXPIRE, EXPIREAT, and PEXPIRE.
At the same time, we can use the PERSIST command to remove the timeout and persist the key-value pair, making it ideal for caching.
4.2. Flexible Data Storage
Redis provides various data structures like string, list, set, and hash to decide how to store and organize our data. Hence, Redis gives us full freedom over the implementation of the database structures.
However, it may also require a long time to think through the DB design. Similarly, it can be challenging to build and maintain the inner structure of the schema using Redis.
4.3. Complex Data Storage
Similarly, with the combination of the list, set, and hash, we can implement complex data structures like queues, arrays, sorted sets, and graphs for our storage.
4.4. Chat, Queue, and Message Broker
Redis can publish and subscribe to messages using pub/sub message queues with pattern matching. Thus, Redis can support real-time chat and social-media feed applications.
Similarly, we can implement a lightweight queue using the list data structure. Furthermore, Redis’s list supports atomic operations and offer blocking capabilities, making it suitable to implement a message broker.
4.5. Session Store
Redis provides an in-memory data store with persistence capabilities, making it a good candidate to store and manage sessions for web/mobile applications.
4.6. IoT and Embedded Systems
As per Redis’s official documentation, newer versions starting from 4 and 5 support the ARM processor and the Raspberry Pi.
Also, it runs on Andriod, and efforts are in place to include Android as an officially supported platform.
So, Redis looks ideal for IoT and embedded systems, benefitted by its small memory footprint and low CPU requirements.
4.7. Real-Time Processing
Being a blazing fast in-memory data structure, we can use it for real-time processing applications.
For instance, Redis can efficiently serve applications that offer features like stock price alerts, leaderboards, and real-time analytics.
4.8. Geospatial Apps
Redis offers a purpose-built in-memory data structure Geo Set – built on sorted set – for managing geospatial indices. Also, it provides specific geo commands like GEOADD, GEOPOS, and GEORADIUS to add, read, and analyze geospatial data.
Therefore, we can build real-time geospatial applications with location-based features like drive time and drive distance using Redis.
5. When to Use MongoDB?
5.1. Dynamic Queries
MongoDB offers a powerful set of query tools. Also, it provides a wide range of flexible query schemes like geo-based search, graph search, and text search for efficient data retrieval.
At the same time, with the support of JSON-structured queries, MongoDB looks to be a better choice for scenarios where data search and analytics are daily activities.
5.2. Rapidly Changing Schema
MongoDB can be helpful in the design and early implementation phases, where we require quick changes to our schema. At the same time, it doesn’t make assumptions on the underlying data, and it optimizes itself without needing a schema.
5.3. Prototyping and Hackathons
By following the JSON-like document structure, MongoDB allows for rapid prototyping, quick integrations with front-end channels, and hackathons.
At the same time, it can be useful for junior teams that don’t want to deal with the complexities of an RDBMS.
5.4. Catalogs
By providing a dynamic schema that is self-describing, MongoDB makes it easier to add products, features, and recommendations for catalogs like e-commerce, asset management, and inventory.
We can also use expressive queries in MongoDB for features like advanced search and analytics by indexing a field or set of fields of the JSON-structured document.
5.5. Mobile Apps
MongoDB’s JSON document structure allows storing different types of data from various devices along with geospatial indexes.
Besides, horizontal scalability with native sharding allows easy scaling of a mobile app. Therefore, MongoDB can serve tons of users, process petabytes of data, and support hundreds of thousands of operations per second, making it a worthy choice for backing mobile apps.
5.6. Content-Rich Apps
It’s not easy to incorporate various content in RDBMS for modern content-rich apps. On the other hand, MongoDB allows storing and serving rich content like text, audio, and video.
Also, we can easily store files larger than 16MB efficiently using MongoDB GridFS. It allows accessing a portion of large files without loading the entire file into memory.
Additionally, it automatically syncs our files and metadata across all servers. As a result, MongoDB looks to be a more suitable choice for supporting content-rich apps.
5.7. Gaming Apps
Similar to mobile and content-rich apps, gaming also requires massive scaling and dynamic data structures. Thus, MongoDB can be a promising choice for gaming apps.
5.8. Global Cloud Database Service
MongoDB Atlas is available across multiple cloud services like AWS, Google Cloud, and Azure. In addition, with built-in replication and failover mechanism, it offers a highly available distributed system. Therefore, we can quickly deploy and manage the database and use it as a global cloud database service.
6. Conclusion
In this article, we explored Redis and MongoDB as choices for a non-relational database.
First, we looked at the features offered by both databases. Then, we explored scenarios where one of them is better than the other.
We can certainly conclude Redis looks promising as a better solution for caching, message broker, and queue. At the same time, it can prove worthy in real-time processing, geospatial apps, and embedded systems.
On the other hand, MongoDB is a solid choice for storing JSON-like objects. As a result, MongoDB can be best suited for schema-less architecture for prototyping, modern-day content-rich, mobile, and gaming applications.
